NTSC Broadcast Standard

The National Television Systems Committee's (NTSC) 525 line, 30 frames per second system is shared primarily by the United States, Canada, Greenland, Mexico, Cuba, Panama, Japan, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and most of South America.

The NTSC standard was first developed for black and white (monochrome) television in 1941. In 1955, the colour standard was established.

The NTSC system of television is referred to as a 525 line, 60-field system because, as we've seen, the 30 frames consist of 60-fields.

The NTSC's 60-field system originally based its timing cycle on the 60 Hz (cycle) electrical system used in these countries. Since other countries in the world use a 50 Hz electrical system, it was logical for them to develop systems of television based on 50 fields per second.

The basic NTSC standard is almost 50 years old, and many technical improvements have come along during this period.

The PAL and SECAM Television Systems

More than half of the countries in the world use one of two 625 line, 25 frame systems: the SECAM (Sequential Colour and Memory) or the PAL (Phase Alternating Line) system.

SECAM was developed in France and is used in parts of Europe, including countries in and around the Soviet Block.

PAL was developed in Germany and is used in Britain and most of Western Europe.

The extra 100 lines in the SECAM and PAL systems add significant detail and clarity to the video picture, but the 50 fields per second (compared to 60-fields in the NTSC system) means that a slight flicker can sometimes be noticed.

Even so, the 25 frames per second (fps) standard are very close to the international film standard of 24 fps. Therefore, the 24-fps film standard is easily converted to the PAL and SECAM video systems. (Slightly speeding up film to 25 fps can't really be noticed.)

CANADA

Coverage pattern of TV stations licensed in the USA

Stations Private :Canadian TV ( CTV)

1. Public : (BCB)


2. Regional networks- Ontario TV

PBS- Canadian Broadcasting Corp ( CBC) provides services to both radio and TV stations

Funded by govt but there’s commercial time on the TV service.

Uses private owned stations as outlets to broadcast its programs

Programming – English and French languages

The Canadian and TV Commission ( CRTV) oversees broadcasting in the country.

Prog production – well-developed program production system and creates exceptional children’s TV shows

GREAT BRITAIN

Broadcasting begins in 1920s as public service in England.

1927 – BBC established

Funding of radio service : 1950s - listeners tune to Radio Luxembourg for more exciting program

BBC – 5 radio stations – Radio 5

Independent commercial radio networks : Classic FM and Virgin Radio

History of TV

Early experiments – 1920’s- conducted by Baird

1030’s – regular daily programs were telecast by the BBC

WW2 – TV service was discontinued

1954 – Govt authorized the first commercial TV service ( Independent TV)

Other popular (PBS) : Thames TV, London Weekend Television, Carlton TV, Granada TV.

ß Terrestrial TV services

1. 1931 – BBC 1: pop drama and comedy


2. BBC 2 : similar prog to US public stations


3. 3rd channel – operated by Independent TV Authority.


4. 4th TV service ( Channel 4) went on air 1982 as a second commercial TV.


5. 1997 – Channel 5

GERMANY

Reunification of East and West Germany - 1989

After WW2 – broadcasting was decentralized

The system with public broadcast station in regions

Funding

The setting of network structure

Association of Public B/cast stations

Privately owned commercial TV stations

DBS Services and combine stations – choice of program

RUSSIA

The Communist party centralized radio direction – 1917

1920’s – cable radio systems

Programming – during Soviet Union

Control of station – State Committee for TV and Radio ( Gostelradio) – 4 Channels

After the fall of Soviet Communistic form of Govt : b/casting changed dramatically due to openness policy ( Glasnost)

What are the changes ?

Programming

Russian TV and Radio Company established in Moscow by a group of Journalists

Launching of Russian Radio

Launching of Russian Television

Gostelradio- become RTO ( State Radio and Television Company Ostankino)

1990 - - legal to operate a broadcast station independent of the state

1990’s - Cable TV became reality

The political and economic scenario has a lot to influence the broadcasting development

JAPAN

National Public Network – NHK ( Nippon Hoso Kyokai) – mid 1920’s to date

After WW2 : The General HQ of the allied powers and the Japanese Govt redefined Radio Law to encourage competition

National Public Network – NHK ( Nippon Hoso Kyokai

1. begin television prog – 1953


2. Currently – 2 national public TV networks.


3. 5 national commercial networks operates 5 TV channel


4. NHK Radio - 3 national networks

ß Private Company : Nippon TV ( NTV) – Japan is a media rich environment

India

Broadcasting started with Radio clubs in major cities : 1920’s

Indian B/casting Company

The British Colonial and BBC

Model – adopted the BBC Model

Public Radio System : All India Radio

Programming : music , news and public affairs